Pasi Pasi - White Pasi

01 ruvara rwehupenyu hwepasi

Nezvakawanda uye zvimwe satellites kana nzvimbo nzvimbo dzinobhururuka munzvimbo, yakawanda uye yakawanda mifananidzo yepasi iri kutumirwa kumashure. Isu tinowanzo tsanangura isu sebhuruu rebhuruu nekuti 70% yenzvimbo yepasi yakafukidzwa nemakungwa. Sezvo nyika inodziya, mwero wekunyungudika wemazaya echokumaodzanyemba uye matanda ekumaodzanyemba anozvidza, uye maungira egungwa acharamba achikwira, kusimbisa nyika iripo. Mune ramangwana, nzvimbo yegungwa ichakura, uye mamiriro ekunze epasi anowedzera kuoma. Gore rino rinopisa kwazvo, gore rinouya rinotonhora chaizvo, gore risati ratangira rakaoma kwazvo, uye gore rakatevera rayo remvura rinotevera rinonaya. Tese tinoti nyika haina kukodzera kugaro kwevanhu, asi kutaura idi, ichi ingori shanduko diki yepasi. Mukutarisana nemitemo ine simba uye nemasimba echisikigo, vanhu havasi chinhu.

Nezvakawanda uye zvimwe satellites kana nzvimbo nzvimbo dzinobhururuka munzvimbo, yakawanda uye yakawanda mifananidzo yepasi iri kutumirwa kumashure. Isu tinowanzo tsanangura isu sebhuruu rebhuruu nekuti 70% yenzvimbo yepasi yakafukidzwa nemakungwa. Sezvo nyika inodziya, mwero wekunyungudika wemazaya echokumaodzanyemba uye matanda ekumaodzanyemba anozvidza, uye maungira egungwa acharamba achikwira, kusimbisa nyika iripo. Mune ramangwana, nzvimbo yegungwa ichakura, uye mamiriro ekunze epasi anowedzera kuoma. Gore rino rinopisa kwazvo, gore rinouya rinotonhora chaizvo, gore risati ratangira rakaoma kwazvo, uye gore rakatevera rayo remvura rinotevera rinonaya. Tese tinoti nyika haina kukodzera kugaro kwevanhu, asi kutaura idi, ichi ingori shanduko diki yepasi. Mukutarisana nemitemo ine simba uye nemasimba echisikigo, vanhu havasi chinhu.

Muna 1992, Joseph KirsCvvink, purofesa weGeology Institute of Technology, akatanga kushandisira izwi rekuti "nyika yechando", iyo yakazotsigirwa uye yakagadziridzwa neveenzi vevateenzi. Pasi Snowball Hunhu husingagoni kutsanangurwa zvakakwana panguva iripo, hwaishandiswa kutsanangura hukuru hukuru uye hwakanyanya ice zera munzvimbo yepasi. Mamiriro ekunze epasi aive akaomarara, aine avhareji epasi rose tembiricha ye -40-50 degrees Celsius, kusvika padanho raive rakatonhora kwazvo zvekuti pamusoro pechando.

02 Iyo Ice Ivhavha yeChando yeChando

Snowball Cloball inogona kuitika mu neoproteroic (anenge mabhiriyoni 1-6 makore apfuura), kuve weProteRozoic nguva yePripambrian. Nhoroondo yepasi ndeyekare uye yakareba. Izvo zvakanzi zvisati zvaitika kuti mamirioni emakore enhoroondo dzevanhu ingori kungopenya kweziso repasi. Isu tinowanzo funga kuti pano pasi rakakosha kwazvo pasi pekushandurwa kwevanhu, asi chokwadi, hachisi chinhu kune nhoroondo yepasi nehupenyu. Iyo mesozoic, archean, uye yakazara eras (inozivikanwa seCryzoic Era, makore mazana mana emakore)

Munguva yechando yeCollball yepasi nguva, ivhu raifukidzwa chando nechando, pasina nyanza kana nyika. Pakutanga kwenguva ino, kwaingova nechikamu chimwe chete chevhu pasi pano chakanzi Supercontinent (Rodinia) padhuze neAquator, uye nzvimbo yese yaive nzvimbo yaive nyanza. Kana pasi riri mumatunhu anoshanda, makomo anoputika anoramba achikwira, matombo mazhinji nezviwi zvinoratidzika pamusoro pegungwa, uye nzvimbo yepasi inoenderera mberi nekuwedzera. Iyo kabhoni dihoxide inoburitswa nemakomo anoputika anofukidza pasi, achiumba greenhouse maitiro. Mazaya echando, sazvino, anofungidzirwa kuchamhembe uye matanda okumaodzanyemba epasi, asingakwanisi kuvhara nyika pedyo neSouth equator. Sezvo basa repasi rinokanganisa, kuputika kwemakomo kunotangawo kuderera, uye huwandu hwekabhoni dioxide mumhepo zvakare inotanga kuderera. Iye anobatsira anopa mari yekubvisa carbon dioxide is dombo remamiriro ekunze. Zvinoenderana nekurohwa kwemaminerari ekuumbwa, matombo anonyanya kukamurwa kuita silate matombo uye matombo carbonate. Silte comcks actorb atmopherc co2 panguva yemakemikari emamiriro ekunze, uyezve chengetedza co2 muchimiro cheCaco3, achigadzira nzvimbo yegari yekaroni yekunyura (> makore 1 emakore). Carbonate Rock Weathering inogona zvakare kutora iyo CO2 kubva mumhepo, kuumba ipfupi nguva chiyero chekaroni chinyura (<100000 makore) muchimiro cheHCO3-.

Uku ndiko kuita kwakasimba kuenzanisa. Kana huwandu hweCarbon dioxide ichipinda nekudonha kwemamiriro ekunze anopfuura huwandu hwespanic ari kukurumidza kuderera, kusvikira greenhouse magasi anopedzwa uye kupisa kunotanga kudonha. Mazaya ematanda maviri epasi anotanga kupararira akasununguka. Sezvo nharaunda yemazaya emahara, kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda uye dzakawanda chena pamusoro pepasi pevhu, uye mwenje wezuva unoratidzwa mumugove wepasi nechando, kuwedzera kuwedzera tembiricha uye kukurudzira kuumbwa kwemazaya echando. Huwandu hwekutonhora ngano dzechando dzinowedzera - zvimwe zuva rinoratidza - kuwedzera kutonhora - mamwe machena maza echando. Mukutenderera uku, ngoro dzematanda maviri zvishoma nezvishoma dzisunungure madziro ese emakungwa, pakupedzisira kurapa pamakondinendi pedyo neyakaora, kuputika kweanopfuura mazana matatu emamita, kuputira pasi rose mubhora rechando nechando. Panguva ino, mhedzisiro inosimudzira yemuvhu wemvura pasi pano yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye mweya waive wakaoma. Kujeka kwezuva kupenyesa pasi pasina kutya, uye kwakazoratidzwa kumashure. Kukura kweiyo ultraviolet radiation uye kutonhora tembiricha kwakaita kuti zvisakwanise chero hupenyu kuvapo pamusoro pepasi pevhu. Masayendisiti anoreva pasi pano pamusoro pemabhiriyoni emakore se 'chena pasi' kana 'Snowball Pasi'

03 Iyo yekunyungudika yeWatchball Cloball

Mwedzi wapfuura, pandakataura neshamwari dzangu nezvepasi panguva ino, mumwe munhu akandibvunza kuti, 'Zvinoenderana nekutenderera uku, pasi rinofanira kugara rakaomeswa. Izvo zvakanyungudika sei? '? Uyu ndiwo mutemo mukuru wechisikigo uye simba rekuzvifunga.

Sezvo pasi rakanyatsovharwa zvakakwana neichando kusvika pamamita mazana matatu, matombo nemhepo hazvigoni kutora kabhoni dioxide kuburikidza nemamiriro ekunze. Nekudaro, basa renyika pacharo rinogona kutungamira kune vhiri kuputika, zvishoma nezvishoma kusunungura carbon dioxide mumamiriro ekunze. Sekureva kwemasayendisiti 'kuverenga, kana isu tichida kuti ice yeSchandoball yekunyungudika, iyo kabhoni Dioxide inoda kusvika pa12% ye13% yemamiriro ezvinhu ese (ikozvino 0.03%), uye iyi yekuwedzera), uye iyi yekuwedzera inonoka. Zvakatora mamirioni makumi matatu emakore emhepo yepasi yekuunganidza yakakwana kabhoni dial dioxide uye methane, kugadzira yakasimba girini. Zvikwama zvakatsauka vakatanga kunyungudika, uye makondinendi pedyo neAquator akatanga kufumura ice. Ivhu rakafumurwa rakanga rasviba mune ruvara kupfuura iro chando, vachitora zvakanyanya kupisa kwekushisa uye kutanga mhinduro yakanaka. Kupisa kwepasi kwakawedzera, kuchema kwevhu kwakaderera, kuratidza zvishoma zuva, uye kufumura matombo mazhinji, achitora kupisa kwakawanda, zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzira nzizi dzisiri dzisingafadzi ... uye pasi rinotanga kupora!

Mwedzi wapfuura, pandakataura neshamwari dzangu nezvepasi panguva ino, mumwe munhu akandibvunza kuti, 'Zvinoenderana nekutenderera uku, pasi rinofanira kugara rakaomeswa. Izvo zvakanyungudika sei? '? Uyu ndiwo mutemo mukuru wechisikigo uye simba rekuzvifunga.

Sezvo pasi rakanyatsovharwa zvakakwana neichando kusvika pamamita mazana matatu, matombo nemhepo hazvigoni kutora kabhoni dioxide kuburikidza nemamiriro ekunze. Nekudaro, basa renyika pacharo rinogona kutungamira kune vhiri kuputika, zvishoma nezvishoma kusunungura carbon dioxide mumamiriro ekunze. Sekureva kwemasayendisiti 'kuverenga, kana isu tichida kuti ice yeSchandoball yekunyungudika, iyo kabhoni Dioxide inoda kusvika pa12% ye13% yemamiriro ezvinhu ese (ikozvino 0.03%), uye iyi yekuwedzera), uye iyi yekuwedzera inonoka. Zvakatora mamirioni makumi matatu emakore emhepo yepasi yekuunganidza yakakwana kabhoni dial dioxide uye methane, kugadzira yakasimba girini. Zvikwama zvakatsauka vakatanga kunyungudika, uye makondinendi pedyo neAquator akatanga kufumura ice. Ivhu rakafumurwa rakanga rasviba mune ruvara kupfuura iro chando, vachitora zvakanyanya kupisa kwekushisa uye kutanga mhinduro yakanaka. Kupisa kwepasi kwakawedzera, kuchema kwevhu kwakaderera, kuratidza zvishoma zuva, uye kufumura matombo mazhinji, achitora kupisa kwakawanda, zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzira nzizi dzisiri dzisingafadzi ... uye pasi rinotanga kupora!

Iko kuoma kwemitemo yemisikirwo uye epagetsi epasi rinopfuura nekunzwisisa kwedu kwevanhu uye kufungidzira. Kuwedzera kweAtmpherc co2 kusangana kunotungamira kudziya kwepasirese, uye kupisa kwakanyanya kunosimudzira mamiriro ekunze ematombo. Huwandu hweCO2 hwakabatikana kubva mumhepo dzinowedzerawo, nokudaro uchidzvinyirira kukurumidza kwekukura kweAtmopheric co2 uye kutungamira kutonhora kwepasirese, kugadzira maitiro asina kunaka emhinduro. Kune rimwe divi, kana tembiricha yepasi yakaderera, kukura kwemakemikari mamiriro ekunze zvakare pane yakadzika mwero, uye flux yekunyudza kutakura edenga co2 ishoma. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo CO2 yakabuda nemabasa ekuputika uye rock metamorphism anogona kuunganidza, kusimudzira kukura kwepasi kuenda pakudziya nekudzivirira kupisa kwepasi kubva mukudziya kwepasi kubva pakuderera.

Shanduko iyi, iyo inowanzo kuyerwa mumabhiriyoni emakore, hachisi chimwe chinhu icho vanhu vanhu vanogona kudzora. Sevateereri mitezo yemasikirwo, izvo zvatinofanira kuita zvakawanda ndezve kujairana nechisikigo uye kutevedzera mitemo yazvo, pane kuchinja kana kuparadza hunhu. Kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye neRudo hupenyu ndizvo izvo munhu wese aifanira kuitwa nemunhu, zvimwe isu tichangosangana nekutsakatika.